AUFSÄTZE

NATHALIE BRAGANTINI-MAILLARD
Du français médiéval travail(lier) à l’anglais travel : parcours d’un régionalisme sémantique

The lexeme travail(lier), well-known in Medieval French, pertains in limited use to the notion of travel, in the specific sense of ʻ(to) travelʼ. Our work shows that this precise meaning could be identified as a regionalism that first appeared in Anglo-Norman during the second half of the 12th century, quickly spreading on the continent to the other regional areas of the Oïl territory. Adopted in Middle English by the end of the 13th century, it survives in Modern English as
travel and its derivatives. The present paper recounts the journey of this semantic regionalism during the past centuries, establishes a syntactic-semantic synthesis of its different uses and formulates a hypothesis on the modalities of its origin.

FERNANDO RIVA
The eschatological afterlife and the soul’s immortality in Berceo’s “El prior y el sacristán”

This study proposes that Gonzalo de Berceo’s “El prior y el sacristán”, the twelfth miracle in the collection known as Milagros de Nuestra Señora, is a rejection of heretical beliefs based on interpretations of Aristotelian thought, which flourished throughout Europe in the thirtheenth century. These ideas, for example, questioned the immortality of the soul as proposed by rationalists thinkers who were heavily influenced by Aristotelian philosophy in an interpretation following Averroes’s commentaries, which started being translated into Latin in the first half of the thirtheenth century. Aristotelian ideas, particularly those derived from the libri naturales, were condemned as early as 1210 and 1215, when the Iberian origin of some of their protagonists were explicitly addressed by Parisian ecclesiastical authorities. Berceo’s response, based on Augustinian ideas on the soul’s life after death, is an indication of the Iberian participation in a broader
discourse against Aristotelianism. Thus, “El prior y el sacristán” situates Berceo’s work in the larger European context of the thirtheenth century. Finally, Berceo’s
main point of departure for his response is found in eschatology, which he elaborates following Julian of Toledo’s Prognosticon futuri saeculi (c. 688).

CHRISTINE PAASCH-KAISER/CARSTEN SINNER
Spanish lo que pasa es que and its variants in Getxo and Barcelona

The Spanish construction lo que pasa es que ‘what happens is that’, ‘the thing is’ is used in a wide variety of contexts and with a range of different meanings.
Linguistic research that has been carried out on this relatively common construction often fails to include empirically collected data and, as a result, the diasystematic markers thereof have only been described to a very limited extent. The main focus of this article is to investigate the use of the construction lo que pasa es que and its phonetically reduced forms lo que pasa que and lo que in two Spanish language oral speech corpora collected in Getxo (Basque Country) and Barcelona (Catalonia). These data are used to carry out a quantitative and qualitative study of the presence or absence of this construction in both regions of language contact, something which has yet to be considered or systematically analysed in the relevant research. The study identifies a statistically relevant diatopic markedness of the forms lo que pasa es que, lo que pasa and pasa que while also providing empirical proof for the pragmatic use of these constructions within the varieties investigated. Furthermore, it confirms the use of additional reduced forms of said constructions and describes their development.

ZIWEN WANG
El clítico femenino la/las en las expresiones lexicalizadas del español: nueva propuesta de análisis diacrónico

This paper deals witha set of idiomatic expressions in Spanishwhich typically display a non-referential feminine clitic la/las as a constituent (e.g. pasarla bien ‘to have a good time’). In opposition to the conventional mainstream theories, which account for the non-referential status of this clitic by the ellipsis of a previously existing feminine NP (e.g. cosa, ocasión), I will argue that this lexicalized feminine clitic la/las can be diachronically related to the Latin neuter plural demonstrative illa denoting abstract discourse referents, and thus its apparent non-referentiality should be viewed as a kind of global anaphor. On the basis of Ojeda (1993)’s Mereological Taxonomy of Kinds and the typological evidence reported by Espinal (2009), I will suggest that in these constructions the feminine clitic la/las expresses the so-called «conceptional neuterality» and is semantically equivalent to the neuter lo (e.g. pasarlo/la bien ). Lastly, following Loporcaro’s work on the evolution of the Latin neuter in Romance languages (2018), I will defend that the Latin neuter plural demonstratives ( ea, haec, ista, illa) survived into early Hispano-Romanceand were preserved in lexicalized constructions due to high token frequency, as also evidenced by additional cross-linguistic data from other Romance languages.

ANA LLOPIS CARDONA
Tradicionalidad discursiva e influencia del francés en la gramaticalización de en definitiva como marcador del discurso

This paper addresses the grammaticalization of Spanish en definitiva as a discourse marker. The objectives are threefold: to enquire about previous changes and discourse traditions that took place, to outline the path to the new values that were acquired, and to ascertain whether the French construction en définitive had an influence on the Spanish one during the grammaticalization process. To do so, we examined the cases found in Frantext for French, while for the Spanish data, we used Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española and Corpus diacrónico del español. Additionally, Gallica and Hemeroteca Digital were used to fill the gaps in the documentation for the 18th and 19th centuries. The results show that en definitiva might have undergone a vernacular evolution fixing as a ritual formula that gave rise to a modal construction and later assimilated new discourse uses as loan translations from the French construction en définitive. This finding leads to deeper consideration of the evolution of Modern French discourse markers and 19th century Spanish press.

ANGELA BARTENS/ILPO KEMPAS
«A praia está perto»: Zum Gebrauch des Verbs estar in Ausdrücken der statischen Lage im Portugiesischen

The article examines the use of estar in Portuguese expressions of permanent location, which runs counter to normative grammar, according to which ser and ficar should appear in those cases. This use of estar is not mentioned in grammatical descriptions, either. Yet, it occurs in contemporary Portuguese (both Portugal and Brazil). The same goes for the Portuguese- and Spanish-lexified creoles, some of which use tá/stá (< estar), to express location. However, almost
all rely on a single verb in these contexts. The research question was studied empirically in a corpus (N=1,037) based on Google searches with seven exact phrases including estar, ser, and ficar, subsequently complemented with an analysis of two other Portuguese corpora. The results show that estar appears in expressions of permanent location, both in Portugal (22,5%) and Brazil (17,5%). However, there is a statistically significant difference, ficar being more frequent in Brazil and ser in Portugal. Moreover, the higher frequency of estar in Portugal may indirectly explain the popularity of ficar in Brazil. In addition, estar appears in written nonfiction, pointing to expressions of the type estar localizado / situado as its possible origin, also taking into account that no instances of its use were found in older documents.

ANDRÉ B. PENAFIEL
Os Lusíadas, 1572: the exemplars and the editions

The first edition of Os Lusíadas, by Luís de Camões, has long attracted the attention of scholars, and its surviving copies are mysterious objects. Over the years, different hypotheses have been proposed and a range of methodologies employed, in attempts to explain their mysteries. This study is based on the analysis
of twenty-five copies, applying techniques from the field of material bibliography. Using mechanical collation, it argues that two different editions were printed, bearing the same date. It proposes a classification system and terminology, which affects the editions, the copies and the sheets which constitute each copy. This study seeks to make an initial contribution to the ongoing debate on the number of editions dated 1572; further observations, which could make the ultimate answer more nuanced, will be published in future.

MISZELLE

WOLFGANG SCHWEICKARD
Elementi orientali nelle lettere di Andrea Berengo (1553–1556)

The letters of the Venetian merchant Andrea Berengo, written in the mid-16th century, are not only a precious testimony of Venetian commercial history, but also a particularly rich source for linguistic and lexicographic studies on Renaissance Venetian. The present paper examines selected oriental elements of Arabic, Turkish and Persian origin from the point of view of historical lexicography. The special linguistic interest of Berengo’s letters is confirmed by the fact that most of the terms studied are early or even first attestations in Italian.

BESPRECHUNGEN

Eugenio Coseriu, Geschichte der romanischen Sprachwissenschaft, vol. 2: Von Nebrija (1492) bis Celso Cittadini (1601). Die Epoche des Humanismus, bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Wolf Dietrich, Tübingen, Narr Francke Attempto, 2020 (THOMAS SCHARINGER)

Dictionnaire historique de l’anthroponymie romane. Patronymica Romanica (PatRom), édité par Ana María Cano González, Jean Germain et Dieter Kremer, vol. III/2 : Les animaux, deuxième partie : Les oiseaux, poissons et invertébrés, Berlin/Boston, De Gruyter, 2020 (FRANCESCO SESTITO)

Annegret Bollée / Dominique Fattier / Ingrid Neumann-Holzschuh (edd.), Dictionnaire étymologique des créoles français d’Amérique [DECA], Rédaction Annegret Bollée/Katharina Kernbichl/Ulrike Scholz/Evelyn Wiesinger, avec le concours de Jean-Paul Chauveau, Première partie: Mots d’origine française, vol. 1: A-D, vol. 2: E-O, vol. 3: P-Z, Hamburg, Buske, 2018 (JAN REINHARDT)

Luciano Formisano, Filologia dei viaggi e delle scoperte (Storia e Testi. Dal Medioevo all’Europa Moderna, 3), Bologna, Pàtron Editore, 2021 (FABIO ROMANINI)

Anna Soma, Il «Trattato dei mesi» di Bonvesin da la Riva. Edizione e analisi del codice Toledano 10–28 (Romanische Texte des Mittelalters, 9), Heidelberg,
Universitätsverlag Winter, 2021 (FABIO MARRI)

Mario Piotti, La lessicografia dialettale lombarda tra Sette e Ottocento (Palinsesti. Studi e Testi di Letteratura Italiana 16), Milano, LED – Edizioni Universitarie di Lettere Economia Diritto, 2020 (RAYMUND WILHELM)

Manlio Cortelazzo, Lessico veneto contemporaneo. Annotazioni alla rivista «Quatro Ciàcoe», a cura di Anna Cortelazzo, postfazione di Franco Crevatin (Saggi
e materiali universitari. Serie di cultura e tradizioni popolari, 7), Padova, Esedra, 2019 (FRANCESCO CRIFÒ)

Nicholas Lo Vecchio, Dictionnaire historique du lexique de l’homosexualité. Transferts linguistiques et culturels entre français, italien, espagnol, anglais et allemand (TraLiRo – Lexicologie, onomastique et lexicographie), Strasbourg, Éditions de Linguistique et de Philologie, 2020 (FRANCESCO CRIFÒ)

NACHRUF

Luca Serianni (30 ottobre 1947–21 luglio 2022) (WOLFGANG SCHWEICKARD)