This volume presents the results of the workshop ‘Petrarchism: Competing Models for Early Modern Community Building (1400–1700)’, held at Freie Universität Berlin in November 2023. The workshop was organized by the research project ‘Petrarchan Worlds’ in the DFG Cluster of Excellence ‘Temporal Communities. Doing literature in a global perspective’. The workshop’s proceedings analyze different strategies and dynamics within European Petrarchism, aiming at the constitution of cultural communities in the early modern period, with a particular focus on different media (literature and visual arts) and various linguistic areas (German, English, Italian, French, Spanish, Dutch and Neo-Latin Petrarchism). The interdisciplinary contributions focus on the central question of which ideology was promoted and which methods were used by groups and individuals in the various European countries to follow Petrarch’s authoritative self-stylisation as the founder of an overarching, transtemporal cultural community.